Innovative Technology Continues to Advance Chesapeake Bay Restoration

新的土地利用/土地覆盖和变化数据为流域如何转变提供了强有力的见解

马里兰州安纳波利斯——切萨皮克湾项目，与十大赌博正规老平台协会合作.S. 地质调查所 and the University of Vermont, 非常高兴地宣布发布高分辨率土地利用/土地覆盖及变化数据. 这些数据更新了2013-14年的数据 高分辨率土地利用 数据项目, 提供2017-18年捕获的新的土地利用和土地覆盖数据，并包括一个新的数据产品，描述了2013- 14年至2017-18年整个切萨皮克湾流域的土地利用和土地覆盖变化.

2018年，美国经济增长放缓.S. 环境保护署与十大赌博正规老平台协会签订了一项为期六年的合作协议，以生产土地使用, land cover and land change data for the watershed. 这项工作旨在建立在2016年和2017年发布的最初一米数据产品的基础上，这是有史以来为切萨皮克湾流域开发的第一个也是最大的高分辨率土地利用/土地覆盖数据集. When these products were released in 2016 and 2017, 它们提供了更精确的信息，显示了城市地区的小片森林和单个树木.

新的2017-18年数据集包括更详细的土地利用/土地覆盖分类，增强了2013-14年数据产品中没有的技术和科学信息. 专家们现在已经用这些新信息更新了2013-14年的数据集，并发布了一个全新的2017-18年产品. 新的2017-18年和修订后的2013-14年数据集包含54个土地利用/土地覆盖类别，这些类别被分组为一般的18类模式. 这个新版本比原来的2013- 14年数据产品增加了38个土地利用/土地覆盖类别.

这些数据涵盖99,000平方英里——一个由206个县组成的区域，这些县与切萨皮克湾流域相交或相邻. 他们会通知 Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load 规划工作将有助于流域管辖区在实现其污染物减少目标方面取得进展. In addition, the 1-meter data support the goals and outcomes of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement 通过帮助 合作伙伴 of the Chesapeake Bay Program improve their ability to measure and focus environmental, community and economic benefits, such as determining improvements in air quality, 减低水浸风险, 节约能源, 碳封存, advancements in environmental justice and enhancements in stormwater management.

为了补充这些更新的新数据集，首次提供了变化数据. This is the first such product to map change at this large scale. The change data will inform powerful insights about how our watershed is transforming. It will help guide actions and decisions to make progress toward meeting land management goals, including monitoring changes in 树的树冠, determining how much carbon is stored in forests, 绘制野生动物栖息地, 生态敏感的土地和地区，环境恢复可以提供最大的利益. 另外, 这些数据可以跟踪土地如何转变为被开发或用于农业生产, as well as other changes that impact water quality and the environment as a whole.

非常高分辨率的土地利用/土地覆盖变化数据目前仅限于4 - 5年的跨度, 因为这些新数据目前只针对切萨皮克湾流域的每个县开发了两个时间段(2013-14年和2017-18年). Because one-by-one meter data has not been produced using imagery prior to 2013, moderate 30-by-30 meter resolution data，由美国制作.S. 地质调查所, are used to assess land use/land cover prior to that time. 这些数据对于了解切萨皮克湾流域人类活动的长期趋势将继续发挥重要作用.

这是迄今为止规模最大的开放数据，任何人都可以免费使用. The 2017-18 land cover and land use data, as well as the change data can be accessed at http://fjty.mogrenlandscape.com/conservation-innovation-center/high-resolution-data/lulc-data- 项目- 2022 /. A webinar explaining how to access and use the data is available will be held on Tuesday, 5月24日下午1点开始.m.-2:30 p.m. 请访问 这个链接 注册参加网络研讨会. The next iteration of land use/land cover and change data is expected in 2024, representing the 2021-22 timeframe.

事实

Land cover describes the natural and human-made features that exist on the land surface, 例如不透水的表面, 树的树冠, 和水. 土地覆盖数据直接来自卫星或航空图像，结合激光雷达图像的特征信息以及道路和建筑物足迹的平面数据. Land use illustrates how people make use of the land with classes such as cropland, 草坪草, solar fields and extractive (such as active mining operations). 将土地覆盖转化为土地利用需要细致入微的考虑和使用各种辅助数据，包括税收包裹, 活跃的和废弃的矿井, 垃圾填埋场, 高尔夫球场, 公用事业输电线, and timber harvest permit areas. The availability and usability of ancillary data varies across the watershed

问题

Accurate Very 高分辨率土地利用/Land Cover data are expensive to produce, 需要专业人员, 计算机和软件. This makes it difficult for organizations and local government agencies to generate their own. 此外, accurate mapping of land use/land cover change at very high-resolution is extremely rare, 需要集中精力比较代表两个不同日期的图像，而不是试图区分两个独立开发的土地利用/土地覆盖数据集. Without accurate and precise land use/land cover data, it is challenging to set realistic, rigorous pollutant reduction targets. 直到2017年，切萨皮克湾项目一直依赖于美国气象局提供的30米土地覆盖数据.S. 地质调查所 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. While such data can describe generalized landscape trends, data at that resolution cannot accurately depict 树的树冠 in densely developed areas, low-density residential development, 狭窄的道路或小建筑物.

重要性

一米分辨率的土地利用/土地覆盖和变化数据不仅对切萨皮克湾项目的恢复工作有用, but also to state and local governments, 非营利组织, businesses and academic institutions throughout the watershed. 它为合作伙伴组织提供了实践精确修复和保护的权力, which is loosely described as getting the right restoration and conservation practices, in the right places at the right times. Effective and impactful decisions about where to target restoration and conservation efforts, made based on the foundational land use/land cover data, will save government and nonprofit redundancies and resources.

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